18 个 Python 列表推导式条件过滤实例

在 Python 编程中，列表推导式是一种简洁而强大的工具，能够帮助我们快速创建和处理列表。其中，条件过滤更是让我们能够从列表中筛选出符合特定条件的元素。下面将为您介绍 18 个实用的 Python 列表推导式条件过滤实例。

实例 1：筛选出大于 5 的数字

numbers = [2, 7, 3, 8, 1, 6]
filtered_numbers = [num for num in numbers if num > 5]

实例 2：筛选出偶数

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
even_numbers = [num for num in numbers if num % 2 == 0]

实例 3：筛选出包含特定字符的字符串

strings = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]
filtered_strings = [s for s in strings if "a" in s]

实例 4：筛选出长度大于 5 的字符串

strings = ["hello", "world", "python", "code"]
long_strings = [s for s in strings if len(s) > 5]

实例 5：筛选出价格大于 100 的商品

products = [{"name": "phone", "price": 800}, {"name": "book", "price": 50}, {"name": "laptop", "price": 1200}]
expensive_products = [p for p in products if p["price"] > 100]

实例 6：筛选出以特定字母开头的单词

words = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]
filtered_words = [word for word in words if word.startswith("a")]

实例 7：筛选出年龄大于 18 岁的用户

users = [{"name": "Alice", "age": 25}, {"name": "Bob", "age": 15}, {"name": "Charlie", "age": 30}]
adult_users = [u for u in users if u["age"] > 18]

实例 8：筛选出成绩大于 80 分的学生

students = [{"name": "David", "score": 90}, {"name": "Emma", "score": 70}, {"name": "Frank", "score": 85}]
good_students = [s for s in students if s["score"] > 80]

实例 9：筛选出正整数

numbers = [-2, 5, -3, 8, 0, 1]
positive_numbers = [num for num in numbers if num > 0]

实例 10：筛选出能被 3 整除的数字

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
divisible_by_3 = [num for num in numbers if num % 3 == 0]

实例 11：筛选出包含大写字母的字符串

strings = ["hello", "World", "python", "Code"]
filtered_strings = [s for s in strings if any(c.isupper() for c in s)]

实例 12：筛选出价格在 50 到 100 之间的商品

products = [{"name": "phone", "price": 80}, {"name": "book", "price": 60}, {"name": "laptop", "price": 120}]
moderate_price_products = [p for p in products if 50 <= p["price"] <= 100]

实例 13：筛选出长度为偶数的字符串

strings = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]
even_length_strings = [s for s in strings if len(s) % 2 == 0]

实例 14：筛选出名字以字母“C”开头的用户

users = [{"name": "Alice", "age": 25}, {"name": "Bob", "age": 15}, {"name": "Charlie", "age": 30}]
c_users = [u for u in users if u["name"].startswith("C")]

实例 15：筛选出成绩在 70 到 90 分之间的学生

students = [{"name": "David", "score": 85}, {"name": "Emma", "score": 75}, {"name": "Frank", "score": 95}]
average_students = [s for s in students if 70 <= s["score"] <= 90]

实例 16：筛选出奇数

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
odd_numbers = [num for num in numbers if num % 2!= 0]

实例 17：筛选出不包含特定子字符串的字符串

strings = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]
filtered_strings = [s for s in strings if "erry" not in s]

实例 18：筛选出价格大于平均价格的商品

products = [{"name": "phone", "price": 800}, {"name": "book", "price": 50}, {"name": "laptop", "price": 1200}]
average_price = sum(p["price"] for p in products) / len(products)
expensive_products_above_avg = [p for p in products if p["price"] > average_price]

通过以上 18 个实例，相信您对 Python 列表推导式的条件过滤有了更深入的理解和应用能力。在实际编程中，灵活运用列表推导式可以大大提高代码的简洁性和效率。